M.Phil./MSc. Chemistry

More advanced topics in CHE 403 will be discussed. This will include NMR Spectroscopy - Two dimensional, 2 D-COSY, HETCOR.

Formation of Carbon-nitrogen, carbon-oxygen and carbob-sulphur bonds. Other heterocyclic systems. Electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Aromatic diazonium salts. Molecular rearrangements. Photochemical and free-radical reactions. General methods of oxidation and reaction, special methods for small rings. The synthesis of some naturally occurring substances. The study of these systems and methods is to be based on modern concepts of retrosynthetic chemistry.

Alkaloids: Definition, classification; Extraction and sources; Analysis, chemical degradation;heterocyclic alkaloids – pyrolidine, piperidine, tropane, indole, isoquinoline, quinoline, pyrolizidine, indolizidine, quinolizidine, other heterocyclic alkaloids, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of alkaloids.
Terpenes Classification, nomenclature and sources; biosynthesis essential oils, synthesis of camphor, phytohormones and pheromones; carotenes, vitamin A and retinal.
Steroids Classification and nomenclature, sterines, gallic acids, steroid hormones corticosteroids, sex hormones, cardioglycosides and saponines, synthesis.

Elemental Analysis, Photometry, UV/Vis Spectrometry of free atoms; Atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence Analysis.
Compound and Molecule Specific Analysis, IR and Raman Spectrometry, Mass Spectrometry (MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (NMR), Microbeam and Surface Analysis. Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA), Auger Doctor Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Structure Analysis, X-ray Diffraction, Combined Application of Physical Methods. Radiochemical methods. Nuclear activation analysis and application.